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Special Clerical Court
Special Clerical Court, or Special Court for Clerics ((ペルシア語:دادگاه ویژه روحانیت)) is an Iranian court system for examining transgressions within the clerical establishment. It tries Shia Muslim clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The court functions independently of the regular Iranian judicial framework, and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader.〔(Structure of power in Iran ) 〕 It was established in the early 1980s on an ad hoc basis, subsequently outphased and re-established in 1987. It was fully institutionalized and endowed with a "code" in 1991 under Supreme Leader Khamenei. 〔See Mirjam Künkler: "The Special Courts of the Clergy and the Repression of Dissident Clergy in Iran." http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1505542〕 This code was revised and expanded in 2005.
== History ==
During the early years of the Iranian revolution, the Special Courts for the Clergy (SCC) were established to deal with "criminal" acts committed by members of the clergy. Here not just crimes were prosecuted, but also those acts aimed against the consolidation of power under Ayatollah Khomeini. As the new judicial structure of the Islamic Republic was devised, the SCC were not conceived as part of it. However, in 1987, the courts were revived by decree of Ayatollah Khomeini in order to try an outspoken critic of the Iran-Contra Affair, Mehdi Hashemi.〔 The decree was printed in the newspaper Ettelaat of June 12, 1987.〕 Faced with disapproval of the unconstitutionality of the SCC, Khomeini in a letter to the Majles of Iran recommended that the special courts start operating within constitutional perimeters after the end of the Iran-Iraq war.〔Khomeini wrote in a letter addressed to the Third Majlis in 1988, ‘Many of the rulings and decrees that I have issued in the past few years were because the Islamic Revolution and the Islamic Republic were not yet on a stable footing, and also because of the special emergency conditions created by the war. However, now that the war is over and we are approaching stability, we must return to the Constitution and everything must be defined within the framework of the Constitution.’ 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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